Senarai The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers
1. Ben Bernanke
CHAIRMAN, FEDERAL RESERVE | WASHINGTON
CHAIRMAN, FEDERAL RESERVE | WASHINGTON
2. Barack Obama
for reimagining America’s role in the world.
PRESIDENT | WASHINGTON
for reimagining America’s role in the world.
PRESIDENT | WASHINGTON
3. Zahra Rahnavard
for being the brains behind Iran’s Green Revolution and the campaign of her husband, opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST AND REFORMER | IRAN
for being the brains behind Iran’s Green Revolution and the campaign of her husband, opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST AND REFORMER | IRAN
4. Nouriel Roubini
for accurately forecasting the global financial pandemic.
ECONOMIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
for accurately forecasting the global financial pandemic.
ECONOMIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
5. Rajendra Pachauri
for ending the debate over whether climate change matters.
CHAIRMAN, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE | INDIA
6. Bill Clinton
for redefining philanthropy in the modern era.
FORMER PRESIDENT | WILLIAM J. CLINTON FOUNDATION | NEW YORK
for ending the debate over whether climate change matters.
CHAIRMAN, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE | INDIA
6. Bill Clinton
for redefining philanthropy in the modern era.
FORMER PRESIDENT | WILLIAM J. CLINTON FOUNDATION | NEW YORK
7. Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler
for taking behavioralism from niche to necessary.
WHITE HOUSE POLICY ADVISOR | WASHINGTON
ECONOMIST | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
for taking behavioralism from niche to necessary.
WHITE HOUSE POLICY ADVISOR | WASHINGTON
ECONOMIST | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
8. David Petraeus
for reshaping the way the U.S. military goes to war.
COMMANDER, CENTRAL COMMAND | TAMPA, FLA.
for reshaping the way the U.S. military goes to war.
COMMANDER, CENTRAL COMMAND | TAMPA, FLA.
9. Zhou Xiaochuan
for reminding the world that we can’t take the dollar for granted.
GOVERNOR, PEOPLE’S BANK OF CHINA | CHINA
for reminding the world that we can’t take the dollar for granted.
GOVERNOR, PEOPLE’S BANK OF CHINA | CHINA
10. Sayyid Imam al-Sharif
for striking a mortal ideological blow to al Qaeda.
THEOLOGIAN | PRISONER | EGYPT
for striking a mortal ideological blow to al Qaeda.
THEOLOGIAN | PRISONER | EGYPT
11. Fernando Henrique Cardoso
for calling the war on drugs what it is: a disaster.
FORMER PRESIDENT | BRAZIL
for calling the war on drugs what it is: a disaster.
FORMER PRESIDENT | BRAZIL
12. Bill Gates
for taking the efficiency of Microsoft to the poorest of the poor.
PHILANTHROPIST | BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION | SEATTLE
for taking the efficiency of Microsoft to the poorest of the poor.
PHILANTHROPIST | BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION | SEATTLE
13. Dick Cheney
for his full-throated defense of American power.
FORMER VICE PRESIDENT | WASHINGTON
for his full-throated defense of American power.
FORMER VICE PRESIDENT | WASHINGTON
14. Larry Summers
for being the brains behind Obama’s economic policy.
CHIEF WHITE HOUSE ECONOMICS ADVISOR | WASHINGTON
for being the brains behind Obama’s economic policy.
CHIEF WHITE HOUSE ECONOMICS ADVISOR | WASHINGTON
15. Martin Wolf
for being the dean of financial columnists.
COLUMNIST | FINANCIAL TIMES | BRITAIN
for being the dean of financial columnists.
COLUMNIST | FINANCIAL TIMES | BRITAIN
16. Mohamed El-Erian
for his unparalleled knowledge of global finance.
BOND INVESTOR | PIMCO | NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF.
for his unparalleled knowledge of global finance.
BOND INVESTOR | PIMCO | NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF.
17. Benedict XVI
for showing that even the supposedly infallible can change.
POPE | CATHOLIC CHURCH | VATICAN CITY
for showing that even the supposedly infallible can change.
POPE | CATHOLIC CHURCH | VATICAN CITY
18. Richard Dawkins
for his unceasing advocacy on behalf of science.
SOCIOBIOLOGIST | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
for his unceasing advocacy on behalf of science.
SOCIOBIOLOGIST | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
19. Malcolm Gladwell
for rethinking how we think about thinkers.
JOURNALIST | NEW YORKER | NEW YORK
for rethinking how we think about thinkers.
JOURNALIST | NEW YORKER | NEW YORK
20. Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart
for having the courage to call out failed states — and then try to fix them.
AFGHAN POLITICAL LEADER | INSTITUTE FOR STATE EFFECTIVENESS | AFGHANISTAN
CEO, INSTITUTE FOR STATE EFFECTIVENESS | WASHINGTON
for having the courage to call out failed states — and then try to fix them.
AFGHAN POLITICAL LEADER | INSTITUTE FOR STATE EFFECTIVENESS | AFGHANISTAN
CEO, INSTITUTE FOR STATE EFFECTIVENESS | WASHINGTON
21. Thomas Friedman
for his genius at popularizing complex ideas.
COLUMNIST | NEW YORK TIMES | BETHESDA, MD.
for his genius at popularizing complex ideas.
COLUMNIST | NEW YORK TIMES | BETHESDA, MD.
22. Robert Shiller
for warning us — over and over — about dangerous bubbles.
ECONOMIST | YALE UNIVERSITY | NEW HAVEN, CONN.
for warning us — over and over — about dangerous bubbles.
ECONOMIST | YALE UNIVERSITY | NEW HAVEN, CONN.
23. Vaclav Havel
for four decades of speaking truth to power.
FORMER PRESIDENT | CZECH REPUBLIC
for four decades of speaking truth to power.
FORMER PRESIDENT | CZECH REPUBLIC
24. Chris Anderson
for bleeding-edge thinking on how the Internet’s marketplace of ideas should work.
EDITOR | WIRED MAGAZINE | BERKELEY, CALIF.
for bleeding-edge thinking on how the Internet’s marketplace of ideas should work.
EDITOR | WIRED MAGAZINE | BERKELEY, CALIF.
25. Joseph Stiglitz
for relentlessly questioning economic dogma.
ECONOMIST | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
for relentlessly questioning economic dogma.
ECONOMIST | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
27. Robert Wright
for envisioning a kinder, gentler new “New Atheism.”
JOURNALIST | NEW AMERICA FOUNDATION | PRINCETON, N.J.
for envisioning a kinder, gentler new “New Atheism.”
JOURNALIST | NEW AMERICA FOUNDATION | PRINCETON, N.J.
28. Elinor Ostrom
for showing us that the global commons isn’t such a tragic place after all.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | INDIANA UNIVERSITY | BLOOMINGTON, IND.
for showing us that the global commons isn’t such a tragic place after all.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | INDIANA UNIVERSITY | BLOOMINGTON, IND.
29. Paul Krugman
for proving that a Nobel Prize winner can also be a prolific pundit and unerringly correct doomsayer.
ECONOMIST | COLUMNIST | PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK TIMES | PRINCETON, N.J.
for proving that a Nobel Prize winner can also be a prolific pundit and unerringly correct doomsayer.
ECONOMIST | COLUMNIST | PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK TIMES | PRINCETON, N.J.
30. Kofi Annan
for his ceaseless work to create Africa’s Green Revolution.
FORMER U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL | ALLIANCE FOR A GREEN REVOLUTION IN AFRICA | GHANA
for his ceaseless work to create Africa’s Green Revolution.
FORMER U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL | ALLIANCE FOR A GREEN REVOLUTION IN AFRICA | GHANA
31. Bernard-Henri Lévy
for offering a powerful critique of how Old Europe’s left has failed.
POLITICAL COMMENTATOR | FRANCE
for offering a powerful critique of how Old Europe’s left has failed.
POLITICAL COMMENTATOR | FRANCE
32. Anwar Ibrahim
for challenging the Muslim world to embrace democracy.
OPPOSITION LEADER | PEOPLE’S JUSTICE PARTY | MALAYSIA
for challenging the Muslim world to embrace democracy.
OPPOSITION LEADER | PEOPLE’S JUSTICE PARTY | MALAYSIA
33. Robert Zoellick and Dominique Strauss-Kahn
for using the crisis in service of a good cause: helping the world’s poor.
PRESIDENT, WORLD BANK | WASHINGTON // MANAGING DIRECTOR, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | WASHINGTON
for using the crisis in service of a good cause: helping the world’s poor.
PRESIDENT, WORLD BANK | WASHINGTON // MANAGING DIRECTOR, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | WASHINGTON
34. John Holdren and Steven Chu
for putting cutting-edge science back into power.
WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE CZAR | WASHINGTON // ENERGY SECRETARY | PHYSICIST | WASHINGTON
for putting cutting-edge science back into power.
WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE CZAR | WASHINGTON // ENERGY SECRETARY | PHYSICIST | WASHINGTON
35. Nicholas Stern
for figuring out the costs of climate change and the politics of a solution.
CLIMATE ECONOMIST | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS | BRITAIN
for figuring out the costs of climate change and the politics of a solution.
CLIMATE ECONOMIST | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS | BRITAIN
36. Paul Collier
for showing how the world’s bad guys are keeping the bottom billion down.
ECONOMIST | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
for showing how the world’s bad guys are keeping the bottom billion down.
ECONOMIST | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
37. Fareed Zakaria
for defining the limits of American power and convening the smartest public conversation about it.
EDITOR | NEWSWEEK INTERNATIONAL | NEW YORK
for defining the limits of American power and convening the smartest public conversation about it.
EDITOR | NEWSWEEK INTERNATIONAL | NEW YORK
38. George Soros
for showing us that billionaires can be thinkers, too.
PHILANTHROPIST AND INVESTOR | OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE | NEW YORK
for showing us that billionaires can be thinkers, too.
PHILANTHROPIST AND INVESTOR | OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE | NEW YORK
39. Jeffrey D. Sachs
for being the global poor’s most persistent advocate among the global elite.
ECONOMIST | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
for being the global poor’s most persistent advocate among the global elite.
ECONOMIST | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
39. William Easterly
for raising inconvenient truths about the foreign-aid business.
ECONOMIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
for raising inconvenient truths about the foreign-aid business.
ECONOMIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
41. Esther Duflo
for adding quantitative rigor to assessments of foreign aid.
ECONOMIST | MIT | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
for adding quantitative rigor to assessments of foreign aid.
ECONOMIST | MIT | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
42. Jared Diamond
for helping us understand how societies not only grow, but die.
GEOGRAPHER | UCLA | LOS ANGELES
for helping us understand how societies not only grow, but die.
GEOGRAPHER | UCLA | LOS ANGELES
43. Richard Posner
for his wide-ranging intellectual contributions.
JUDGE | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
for his wide-ranging intellectual contributions.
JUDGE | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
44. David Kilcullen
for writing the book on how America fights small wars.
COUNTERINSURGENCY EXPERT | WASHINGTON
for writing the book on how America fights small wars.
COUNTERINSURGENCY EXPERT | WASHINGTON
45. Abdolkarim Soroush
for pitting his theological might against Iran’s Islamist regime.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER | INSTITUTE FOR EPISTEMOLOGICAL RESEARCH | IRAN
for pitting his theological might against Iran’s Islamist regime.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER | INSTITUTE FOR EPISTEMOLOGICAL RESEARCH | IRAN
46. Muhammad Yunus
for proving that the poor are profitable.
ECONOMIST | GRAMEEN BANK | BANGLADESH
for proving that the poor are profitable.
ECONOMIST | GRAMEEN BANK | BANGLADESH
47. Christopher Hitchens
for puncturing the received wisdom at every opportunity.
COLUMNIST | VANITY FAIR, SLATE | WASHINGTON
for puncturing the received wisdom at every opportunity.
COLUMNIST | VANITY FAIR, SLATE | WASHINGTON
48. Ayaan Hirsi Ali
for her provocative critique of Islam, the religion of her youth.
AUTHOR | AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE | WASHINGTON
for her provocative critique of Islam, the religion of her youth.
AUTHOR | AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE | WASHINGTON
49. Tariq Ramadan
for dedicating his life to proving that Europe and Islam are not incompatible.
RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR | SWITZERLAND
for dedicating his life to proving that Europe and Islam are not incompatible.
RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR | SWITZERLAND
50. Nicholas Christakis
for explaining why it’s our friends who define us.
MEDICAL SOCIOLOGIST | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
for explaining why it’s our friends who define us.
MEDICAL SOCIOLOGIST | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
51. Ahmed Rashid
for his prophetic writing about the global perils of South Asia.
JOURNALIST | PAKISTAN
for his prophetic writing about the global perils of South Asia.
JOURNALIST | PAKISTAN
52. Helene Gayle
for putting HIV/AIDS in its big-picture context.
PHYSICIAN | CARE | PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HIV/AIDS | ATLANTA, GA
for putting HIV/AIDS in its big-picture context.
PHYSICIAN | CARE | PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HIV/AIDS | ATLANTA, GA
53. Linus Torvalds
for his visionary work on open-source software.
SOFTWARE ENGINEER | PORTLAND, ORE.
for his visionary work on open-source software.
SOFTWARE ENGINEER | PORTLAND, ORE.
54. Tim Berners-Lee
for remaining the patron saint of the Web he created.
COMPUTER SCIENTIST | WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
for remaining the patron saint of the Web he created.
COMPUTER SCIENTIST | WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
55. Henry Kissinger
for a half-century ruling the U.S. foreign-policy community.
FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE | KISSINGER ASSOCIATES | NEW YORK
for a half-century ruling the U.S. foreign-policy community.
FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE | KISSINGER ASSOCIATES | NEW YORK
56. Niall Ferguson
for his intelligent, incessant questioning of dogma.
HISTORIAN | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
for his intelligent, incessant questioning of dogma.
HISTORIAN | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
57. Baltasar Garzón
for proving that no dictator is safe.
JUDGE | NATIONAL COURT OF SPAIN | SPAIN
for proving that no dictator is safe.
JUDGE | NATIONAL COURT OF SPAIN | SPAIN
58. Amartya Sen
for showing how democracy prevents famine.
ECONOMIST | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
for showing how democracy prevents famine.
ECONOMIST | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
59. Barbara Ehrenreich
for her relentless efforts to understand the root causes of poverty and inequality.
SOCIAL COMMENTATOR | KEY WEST, FLA.
for her relentless efforts to understand the root causes of poverty and inequality.
SOCIAL COMMENTATOR | KEY WEST, FLA.
60. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita
for hitting the bull’s-eye more often than anyone.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | SAN FRANCISCO
for hitting the bull’s-eye more often than anyone.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | SAN FRANCISCO
61. Salam Fayyad
for showing how to govern effectively in the middle of a conflict.
PRIME MINISTER | PALESTINIAN NATIONAL AUTHORITY | WEST BANK
for showing how to govern effectively in the middle of a conflict.
PRIME MINISTER | PALESTINIAN NATIONAL AUTHORITY | WEST BANK
62. Xu Zhiyong
for driving the debate in China about citizens’ rights.
LEGAL ACTIVIST | GONGMENG THINK TANK | CHINA
for driving the debate in China about citizens’ rights.
LEGAL ACTIVIST | GONGMENG THINK TANK | CHINA
63. Mario Vargas Llosa
for challenging the fiction of socialist utopia.
NOVELIST | PERU
for challenging the fiction of socialist utopia.
NOVELIST | PERU
64. Michael Ignatieff
for showing that not all academics are irrelevant.
LIBERAL PARTY LEADER | CANADA
for showing that not all academics are irrelevant.
LIBERAL PARTY LEADER | CANADA
65. Francis Fukuyama
for creating a foreign-policy paradigm that has defined almost two decades of argument.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY | WASHINGTON
for creating a foreign-policy paradigm that has defined almost two decades of argument.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY | WASHINGTON
66. The Kagan Family (Donald, Robert, Frederick, and Kimberly)
for shaping the debate over Iraq and Afghanistan.
FOREIGN-POLICY COMMENTATORS | YALE UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON POST, AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF WAR | NEW HAVEN, CONN.; BELGIUM; WASHINGTON
for shaping the debate over Iraq and Afghanistan.
FOREIGN-POLICY COMMENTATORS | YALE UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON POST, AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF WAR | NEW HAVEN, CONN.; BELGIUM; WASHINGTON
67. C. Raja Mohan
for his forceful advocacy of India’s rise to great-power status.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY | SINGAPORE
for his forceful advocacy of India’s rise to great-power status.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY | SINGAPORE
68. James Hansen
for his pioneering research and advocacy on climate change.
DIRECTOR | NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES | NEW YORK
for his pioneering research and advocacy on climate change.
DIRECTOR | NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES | NEW YORK
69. Freeman Dyson
for bringing scientific rigor to climate-change skepticism.
PHYSICIST | INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY | PRINCETON, N.J.
for bringing scientific rigor to climate-change skepticism.
PHYSICIST | INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY | PRINCETON, N.J.
70. Esther Dyson
for accurately forecasting how the Internet will shape us.
INTERNET ENTREPRENEUR | EDVENTURE HOLDINGS | NEW YORK
for accurately forecasting how the Internet will shape us.
INTERNET ENTREPRENEUR | EDVENTURE HOLDINGS | NEW YORK
71. Ray Kurzweil
for advancing the technology of eternal life.
FUTURIST | NORTH ANDOVER, MASS.
for advancing the technology of eternal life.
FUTURIST | NORTH ANDOVER, MASS.
72. Jamais Cascio
for being our moral guide to the future.
FUTURIST | INSTITUTE FOR ETHICS AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES | SAN FRANCISCO
for being our moral guide to the future.
FUTURIST | INSTITUTE FOR ETHICS AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES | SAN FRANCISCO
73. Nick Bostrom
for accepting no limits on human potential.
PHILOSOPHER | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
for accepting no limits on human potential.
PHILOSOPHER | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
74. Gordon Brown
for his leadership during the financial crisis.
PRIME MINISTER | BRITAIN
for his leadership during the financial crisis.
PRIME MINISTER | BRITAIN
75. Richard Haass
for injecting a necessary note of caution about what is necessary for a superpower at war.
PRESIDENT | COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS | NEW YORK
for injecting a necessary note of caution about what is necessary for a superpower at war.
PRESIDENT | COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS | NEW YORK
76. George Ayittey
for pushing policymakers to let Africa help itself.
ECONOMIST | AMERICAN UNIVERSITY | WASHINGTON
for pushing policymakers to let Africa help itself.
ECONOMIST | AMERICAN UNIVERSITY | WASHINGTON
77. Amory Lovins
for the intellectual marriage of economics, efficiency, and the environment.
SCIENTIST | ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE | SNOWMASS, COLO.
for the intellectual marriage of economics, efficiency, and the environment.
SCIENTIST | ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE | SNOWMASS, COLO.
78. Bill McKibben
for making global warming a people’s cause.
ENVIRONMENTALIST | 350.ORG | RIPTON, VT.
for making global warming a people’s cause.
ENVIRONMENTALIST | 350.ORG | RIPTON, VT.
79. Anne-Marie Slaughter
for helping transform Foggy Bottom from the inside out.
DIRECTOR, POLICY PLANNING | STATE DEPARTMENT | WASHINGTON
for helping transform Foggy Bottom from the inside out.
DIRECTOR, POLICY PLANNING | STATE DEPARTMENT | WASHINGTON
80. Samantha Power
for moving from moral authority to government authority on human rights.
WHITE HOUSE SPECIAL ASSISTANT | NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL | WASHINGTON
for moving from moral authority to government authority on human rights.
WHITE HOUSE SPECIAL ASSISTANT | NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL | WASHINGTON
81. John Arquilla
for bringing network theory to counterterrorism.
CYBERWAR THEORIST | U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL | MONTEREY, CALIF.
for bringing network theory to counterterrorism.
CYBERWAR THEORIST | U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL | MONTEREY, CALIF.
82. Peter W. Singer
for asking what happens when you remove the human element from war.
MILITARY SCHOLAR | BROOKINGS INSTITUTION | WASHINGTON
for asking what happens when you remove the human element from war.
MILITARY SCHOLAR | BROOKINGS INSTITUTION | WASHINGTON
83. Paul Farmer
for bringing communities into public health in Haiti and beyond.
MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGIST | PARTNERS IN HEALTH | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
for bringing communities into public health in Haiti and beyond.
MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGIST | PARTNERS IN HEALTH | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
84 . Hu Shuli
for persisting in the idea that public accountability is possible even in one-party China.
JOURNALIST | CHINA
for persisting in the idea that public accountability is possible even in one-party China.
JOURNALIST | CHINA
85. Jacqueline Novogratz
for helping build a new generation of social entrepreneurs.
DEVELOPMENT ENTREPRENEUR | ACUMEN FUND | NEW YORK
for helping build a new generation of social entrepreneurs.
DEVELOPMENT ENTREPRENEUR | ACUMEN FUND | NEW YORK
86. Jacques Attali
for defining public intellectual in the country that invented them.
ECONOMIST | FRANCE
for defining public intellectual in the country that invented them.
ECONOMIST | FRANCE
87. Karen Armstrong
for advocating a truce in the religion wars.
RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR | BRITAIN
for advocating a truce in the religion wars.
RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR | BRITAIN
88. Sunita Narain
for giving voice to India’s environmental conscience.
DIRECTOR | CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT | INDIA
for giving voice to India’s environmental conscience.
DIRECTOR | CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT | INDIA
89. Adam Michnik
for keeping the flame of anti-Moscow resistance burning in Eastern Europe.
EDITOR | GAZETA WYBORCZA | POLAND
for keeping the flame of anti-Moscow resistance burning in Eastern Europe.
EDITOR | GAZETA WYBORCZA | POLAND
90. Minxin Pei
for reminding us of the dark side of China’s rise.
CHINA SCHOLAR | CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE | CLAREMONT, CALIF.
for reminding us of the dark side of China’s rise.
CHINA SCHOLAR | CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE | CLAREMONT, CALIF.
91. Willem Buiter
for his maverick commentary on the financial crisis.
ECONOMIST | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS | BRITAIN
for his maverick commentary on the financial crisis.
ECONOMIST | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS | BRITAIN
92. Rizal Sukma
for pushing a radical new view of Indonesia’s role in the world.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | INDONESIA
for pushing a radical new view of Indonesia’s role in the world.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | INDONESIA
93. Martha Nussbaum
for making philosophy matter.
PHILOSOPHER | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
for making philosophy matter.
PHILOSOPHER | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
94. David Grossman
for demonstrating how Zionism and pacifism can coexist.
NOVELIST | PEACE ACTIVIST | ISRAEL
for demonstrating how Zionism and pacifism can coexist.
NOVELIST | PEACE ACTIVIST | ISRAEL
95. Enrique Krauze
for championing democracy and common sense in Latin America.
HISTORIAN | NATIONAL COLLEGE | MEXICO
for championing democracy and common sense in Latin America.
HISTORIAN | NATIONAL COLLEGE | MEXICO
96. Hans Rosling
for boggling our minds with paradigm-shattering data.
PUBLIC HEALTH SCHOLAR | KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE | SWEDEN
for boggling our minds with paradigm-shattering data.
PUBLIC HEALTH SCHOLAR | KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE | SWEDEN
97. Valerie Hudson
for showing that gender imbalances have global consequences.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY | PROVO, UTAH
for showing that gender imbalances have global consequences.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY | PROVO, UTAH
98. Andrew Mwenda
for fearlessly critiquing government at home and abroad.
EDITOR | THE INDEPENDENT | UGANDA
for fearlessly critiquing government at home and abroad.
EDITOR | THE INDEPENDENT | UGANDA
99. Emily Oster
for her creative research into what really helps the poor.
ECONOMIST | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO BOOTH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS | CHICAGO
for her creative research into what really helps the poor.
ECONOMIST | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO BOOTH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS | CHICAGO
100. Paul Kennedy
for looking ahead to the decline of the American empire.
HISTORIAN | YALE UNIVERSITY | NEW HAVEN, CONN.
for looking ahead to the decline of the American empire.
HISTORIAN | YALE UNIVERSITY | NEW HAVEN, CONN.
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